Exodus 21:5 (KJV)

What does Exodus 21:5 mean?

Exodus 21:5 describes a situation where a servant chooses to remain with his master instead of going free, openly declaring his love for his master, his wife, and his children. The verse shows that this decision is voluntary and based on personal loyalty and attachment.

In the context of ancient Israel, these words are part of laws given to the Israelites about how to treat servants. The verse is set in a scenario where a Hebrew servant, after serving for six years, could go free in the seventh year. However, if the servant has formed strong bonds with his master and family during his service, he can choose to stay. The servant’s declaration is made “plainly,” meaning it is a clear and public statement, not something done under pressure or in secret.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 21:5

• עֶבֶד (ʿeved, "servant"): This word refers specifically to a male servant or slave, often someone working under a contract or obligation, not just any worker.
• אָהַב (ʾahav, "love"): This word means more than just affection; it often carries the sense of loyalty, commitment, or deep attachment, showing the servant’s genuine connection to his master and family.
• אֲדֹנָי (ʾadonai, "master"): This term is a respectful way to refer to the person in authority, emphasizing the servant’s respect and relationship with the household leader.
• יָצָא (yatsaʾ, "out"): The word for “go out” here is used for leaving a situation or relationship, highlighting the servant’s choice to remain rather than depart.

Why Exodus 21:5 matters

• Exodus 21:5 clarifies that servanthood in this context was not always forced or harsh; there was room for personal choice and relationship, which challenges some assumptions about ancient slavery.
• The verse emphasizes the importance of public, voluntary decisions in matters of personal freedom, showing that the servant’s will was respected.
• This law connects to the wider passage by showing how the Israelites were to treat each other with dignity and fairness, even in situations of servitude.