Question 1

What does Exodus 21:10 mean?

Accepted Answer

Exodus 21:10 says that if a man takes another wife, he must not reduce the first wife's food, clothing, or marital rights. The verse sets a legal standard to protect the first wife's basic needs and status, even if her husband marries someone else. This instruction comes from a section where God, through Moses, gives laws to the Israelites about fair treatment within households. The verse specifically addresses situations where a man has more than one wife, making sure the first wife is not neglected or deprived of her rightful care and respect.

Question 2

The Hebrew behind Exodus 21:10

Accepted Answer

"Food" (שְׁאֵרָהּ, she'erah): This word often means "flesh" or "body," but here it is understood as food or sustenance, highlighting the husband's duty to provide for his wife's basic needs. "Raiment" (כְּסוּתָהּ, kesutah): This word means "covering" or "clothing," emphasizing that the wife must continue to receive proper clothing and material support. "Marriage" (עֹנָתָהּ, onatah): This word points to marital rights or conjugal relations, showing that emotional and physical aspects of the marriage must not be neglected. "Diminish" (גָּרַע, gara): This verb means "to diminish" or "to withhold," making clear that none of these rights or provisions can be reduced because of a second marriage.

Question 3

Why Exodus 21:10 matters

Accepted Answer

Exodus 21:10 clarifies that the law protected women’s rights in marriage, even in a culture where polygamy was practiced, by requiring ongoing care for the first wife. The verse shows that the law was concerned with fairness and dignity within family life, not just ritual or religious matters. This command fits into a wider passage about justice and compassion, helping us see how ancient Israelite law aimed to prevent abuse and neglect in practical, everyday situations.

Exodus 21:10 (KJV)