Exodus 21:10 (KJV)

What does Exodus 21:10 mean?

Exodus 21:10 says that if a man takes another wife, he must not reduce the first wife's food, clothing, or marital rights. The verse sets a legal standard to protect the first wife's basic needs and status, even if her husband marries someone else.

This instruction comes from a section where God, through Moses, gives laws to the Israelites about fair treatment within households. The verse specifically addresses situations where a man has more than one wife, making sure the first wife is not neglected or deprived of her rightful care and respect.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 21:10

• "Food" (שְׁאֵרָהּ, she'erah): This word often means "flesh" or "body," but here it is understood as food or sustenance, highlighting the husband's duty to provide for his wife's basic needs.
• "Raiment" (כְּסוּתָהּ, kesutah): This word means "covering" or "clothing," emphasizing that the wife must continue to receive proper clothing and material support.
• "Marriage" (עֹנָתָהּ, onatah): This word points to marital rights or conjugal relations, showing that emotional and physical aspects of the marriage must not be neglected.
• "Diminish" (גָּרַע, gara): This verb means "to diminish" or "to withhold," making clear that none of these rights or provisions can be reduced because of a second marriage.

Why Exodus 21:10 matters

• Exodus 21:10 clarifies that the law protected women’s rights in marriage, even in a culture where polygamy was practiced, by requiring ongoing care for the first wife.
• The verse shows that the law was concerned with fairness and dignity within family life, not just ritual or religious matters.
• This command fits into a wider passage about justice and compassion, helping us see how ancient Israelite law aimed to prevent abuse and neglect in practical, everyday situations.