Question 1

What does Exodus 22:28 mean?

Accepted Answer

Exodus 22:28 commands the Israelites not to speak disrespectfully about "the gods" or to curse the leader of their people. The verse sets boundaries for how people should speak about both spiritual authorities and human rulers. Moses is relaying laws from God to the people of Israel, guiding their behavior as a community. The verse addresses both religious and civil respect, warning against contemptuous speech toward those in positions of authority. In its context, this instruction is part of a larger section on justice and social order in ancient Israel.

Question 2

The Hebrew behind Exodus 22:28

Accepted Answer

"revile" (קָלַל, qalal): This word means to treat lightly, insult, or show contempt. The command is not just about avoiding harsh words, but about refusing to belittle or disrespect. "gods" (אֱלֹהִים, elohim): While often used for the God of Israel, here it is often understood as referring to judges or authorities, not pagan deities. The word can mean "mighty ones" or those who exercise authority. "curse" (אָרַר, arar): This word means to utter a formal curse or pronounce harm. The verse warns against invoking harm or speaking evil against leaders. "ruler" (נָשִׂיא, nasi): This term refers to a leader, chief, or prince among the people. It highlights that the command is about respecting those with responsibility in the community.

Question 3

Why Exodus 22:28 matters

Accepted Answer

This verse clarifies that respect for authority—both spiritual and civil—is a foundational value in the community life of ancient Israel. The use of "elohim" for judges or leaders shows that the Bible sometimes uses words for God to refer to human authorities, emphasizing their responsibility and dignity. By placing this command among laws about justice and fairness, the passage connects respect for leaders with the broader theme of maintaining order and justice in society.

Exodus 22:28 (KJV)