Exodus 22:15 (KJV)

What does Exodus 22:15 mean?

Exodus 22:15 says that if the owner of an animal is present when something happens to it, the person who borrowed or hired it does not have to pay for any loss. If the animal was hired, the payment already covers any risk or damage.

This verse is part of a set of laws God gives to Moses for the Israelites about responsibility and fairness in borrowing or hiring property. The focus here is on making sure that people are not unfairly punished for accidents when the owner is involved or when the loss is already covered by a hiring fee.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 22:15

• "owner" (בַּעַל, ba‘al): This word means the master or possessor of something. The verse stresses that if the ba‘al is with the animal, responsibility shifts.
• "good" (שָׁלַם, shalam): This word means to make restitution or pay back. The verse says restitution is not required when the owner is present.
• "hired" (שָׂכִיר, sakir): This refers to something that is rented or hired out. The verse distinguishes between borrowing and hiring, showing that hiring includes the risk in the payment.
• "came" (בּוֹא, bo): Here, it means the animal was brought for the purpose of hire, clarifying the arrangement.
• "hire" (שָׂכָר, sakar): This is the payment or wage for hiring. The verse points out that the hire itself covers the cost of any loss.

Why Exodus 22:15 matters

• Exodus 22:15 clears up who is responsible for losses when property is borrowed versus hired, which helps avoid unfair blame or extra payments.
• The verse highlights the importance of clear agreements and shared responsibility, especially when the owner is present or when payment has already been made for use.
• This law fits into a larger section about justice and fairness in community life, showing that God's laws for Israel were practical and aimed at protecting both parties in everyday situations.