We have transgressed and have rebelled: thou hast not pardoned.

LAMENTATIONS 3:42KJV
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What does Lamentations 3:42 mean?

Lamentations 3:42 is a confession that the people have sinned and rebelled against God, and that God has not forgiven or removed their guilt. The verse expresses a sense of responsibility for wrongdoing and recognizes that forgiveness has not yet been granted.

In this verse, the speaker is likely Jeremiah, voicing the collective sorrow of Jerusalem’s people after the city’s destruction. The people openly admit their failings—both breaking God’s law and actively resisting Him. The statement that God “hast not pardoned” highlights the seriousness of their situation and the depth of their distress.

The Hebrew behind Lamentations 3:42

  • “Transgressed” (פָּשַׁע, pasha‘): This word means to break away from authority or to commit a serious offense. It emphasizes that the people’s actions were not just mistakes but willful violations.
  • “Rebelled” (מָרָה, marah): This word often means to act defiantly or stubbornly against someone in authority. Here, it underscores that the people’s attitude was not just passive disobedience but active resistance.
  • “Pardoned” (סָלַח, salach): This word means to forgive or to let go of guilt. The verse’s use of the negative (“thou hast not pardoned”) brings out the pain of feeling unforgiven, showing that restoration has not yet come.

Why Lamentations 3:42 matters

  • This verse clarifies that the suffering described in Lamentations is not blamed on God’s unfairness but is acknowledged as a result of the people’s own actions.
  • The double confession—both “transgressed” and “rebelled”—shows a deep awareness of both breaking the law and resisting God’s authority, not just minor failings.
  • The statement that God “hast not pardoned” connects to the wider lament, explaining the ongoing sense of abandonment and the need for mercy that runs throughout the chapter.

Where else these words appear

“We” Hebrew H5168 · used in 6 verses

  • Genesis 42:11 We are all one man's sons; we are true men, thy servants are no spies.
  • Exodus 16:7 And in the morning, then ye shall see the glory of the LORD; for that he heareth your murmurings against the LORD: and what are we, that ye murmur against us?
  • Numbers 32:32 We will pass over armed before the LORD into the land of Canaan, that the possession of our inheritance on this side Jordan may be ours.

“transgressed” Hebrew H6586 · used in 37 verses

  • 1 Kings 8:50 And forgive thy people that have sinned against thee, and all their transgressions wherein they have transgressed against thee, and give them compassion before them who carried them captive, that they may have compassion on them:
  • Psalms 51:13 Then will I teach transgressors thy ways; and sinners shall be converted unto thee.
  • Jeremiah 2:29 Wherefore will ye plead with me? ye all have transgressed against me, saith the LORD.

“rebelled” Hebrew H4784 · used in 43 verses

  • Numbers 20:10 And Moses and Aaron gathered the congregation together before the rock, and he said unto them, Hear now, ye rebels; must we fetch you water out of this rock?
  • 1 Kings 13:21 And he cried unto the man of God that came from Judah, saying, Thus saith the LORD, Forasmuch as thou hast disobeyed the mouth of the LORD, and hast not kept the commandment which the LORD thy God commanded thee,
  • Psalms 107:11 Because they rebelled against the words of God, and contemned the counsel of the most High:

“pardoned” Hebrew H5545 · used in 45 verses

  • Exodus 34:9 And he said, If now I have found grace in thy sight, O Lord, let my Lord, I pray thee, go among us; for it is a stiffnecked people; and pardon our iniquity and our sin, and take us for thine inheritance.
  • Numbers 15:26 And it shall be forgiven all the congregation of the children of Israel, and the stranger that sojourneth among them; seeing all the people were in ignorance.
  • 2 Chronicles 6:27 Then hear thou from heaven, and forgive the sin of thy servants, and of thy people Israel, when thou hast taught them the good way, wherein they should walk; and send rain upon thy land, which thou hast given unto thy people for an inheritance.