He hath builded against me, and compassed me with gall and travail.

LAMENTATIONS 3:5KJV
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What does Lamentations 3:5 mean?

Lamentations 3:5 describes the speaker feeling as if God has built barriers against him and surrounded him with bitterness and hardship. The verse uses strong imagery to express a sense of being trapped and overwhelmed by suffering.

The speaker here is traditionally understood to be Jeremiah, voicing the pain of Jerusalem’s destruction. He describes his suffering as something God has actively constructed around him, using words that picture a siege or entrapment. This verse is part of a larger lament where the speaker feels isolated and afflicted, emphasizing the depth of his distress.

The Hebrew behind Lamentations 3:5

  • "against" (בָּנָה, banah): This word usually means "to build." Here, it suggests God has built something up against the speaker, like a wall or barrier, making escape or relief impossible.
  • "compassed" (נָסַב, nasav): This word means "to surround" or "encircle." It gives the sense that the speaker is completely enclosed, with no way out.
  • "gall" (רֹאשׁ, rosh): Often refers to something bitter or poisonous. In this context, it paints the suffering as not just painful but also deeply bitter and hard to endure.
  • "travail" (לָעָה, la'ah): This word means "weariness" or "trouble." It highlights the exhausting, ongoing nature of the hardship the speaker feels.

Why Lamentations 3:5 matters

  • Lamentations 3:5 helps clarify that the suffering described is not accidental or random; the language makes it feel intentional and inescapable, deepening the emotional weight of the lament.
  • The verse connects to the wider passage by showing how personal and overwhelming the destruction of Jerusalem felt to those who experienced it—God’s actions are described in terms that feel both personal and total.
  • The strong imagery of building and surrounding challenges the reader to understand the depth of despair and the sense of being trapped, which is central to the book’s message of grief and loss.

Where else these words appear

“travail” Hebrew H8513 · used in 4 verses

  • Exodus 18:8 And Moses told his father in law all that the LORD had done unto Pharaoh and to the Egyptians for Israel's sake, and all the travail that had come upon them by the way, and how the LORD delivered them.
  • Numbers 20:14 And Moses sent messengers from Kadesh unto the king of Edom, Thus saith thy brother Israel, Thou knowest all the travail that hath befallen us:
  • Nehemiah 9:32 Now therefore, our God, the great, the mighty, and the terrible God, who keepest covenant and mercy, let not all the trouble seem little before thee, that hath come upon us, on our kings, on our princes, and on our priests, and on our prophets, and on our fathers, and on all thy people, since the time of the kings of Assyria unto this day.

“gall” Hebrew H7219 · used in 12 verses

  • Deuteronomy 29:18 Lest there should be among you man, or woman, or family, or tribe, whose heart turneth away this day from the LORD our God, to go and serve the gods of these nations; lest there should be among you a root that beareth gall and wormwood;
  • Job 20:16 He shall suck the poison of asps: the viper's tongue shall slay him.
  • Jeremiah 23:15 Therefore thus saith the LORD of hosts concerning the prophets; Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall: for from the prophets of Jerusalem is profaneness gone forth into all the land.

“compassed” Hebrew H5362 · used in 19 verses

  • Leviticus 19:27 Ye shall not round the corners of your heads, neither shalt thou mar the corners of thy beard.
  • 2 Chronicles 4:3 And under it was the similitude of oxen, which did compass it round about: ten in a cubit, compassing the sea round about. Two rows of oxen were cast, when it was cast.
  • Psalms 22:16 For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet.