Proverbs 10:1 (KJV)

What does Proverbs 10:1 mean?

Proverbs 10:1 says that a wise son brings happiness to his father, but a foolish son causes sorrow for his mother. The verse highlights how a child's choices and character deeply affect their parents' emotions and well-being.

This proverb is introduced as one of Solomon's sayings, offering practical wisdom for everyday life. The verse uses the family setting to show that wisdom and foolishness are not just personal traits—they have real consequences for loved ones. The focus is on the emotional impact, showing how a child's actions can either bring joy or grief to their parents.

The Hebrew behind Proverbs 10:1

• The word for "wise" is חָכָם (ḥākām), meaning someone who is skilled, sensible, or acts with understanding. In this context, it points to a son who makes thoughtful, good decisions.
• The word for "foolish" is כְּסִיל (kesil), which often describes someone who ignores wisdom or acts recklessly. Here, it means a son whose poor choices weigh heavily on his mother.
• The word for "heaviness" is תּוּגָה (tugah), meaning sorrow, grief, or distress. This word emphasizes the deep emotional pain a foolish child can cause, not just mild disappointment.

Why Proverbs 10:1 matters

• Proverbs 10:1 makes clear that wisdom and foolishness are not just private matters—they shape the whole family's happiness or sorrow.
• The verse draws attention to both parents, showing that a child's choices can affect each parent differently but deeply.
• This proverb marks the start of a new section in Proverbs, shifting from longer lessons to short, memorable sayings that offer practical guidance for daily relationships.