And he put them on the shoulders of the ephod, that they should be stones for a memorial to the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses.

EXODUS 39:7KJV
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What does Exodus 39:7 mean?

Exodus 39:7 describes how special stones were placed on the shoulders of the ephod, a priestly garment, to serve as a memorial for the children of Israel, just as the LORD had instructed Moses. This action was a way to visibly remind both the priests and the people of Israel’s identity and their relationship with God.

In this verse, the craftsmen are finishing the ephod, which is a key part of the high priest’s clothing. Moses is overseeing the work, following God’s detailed instructions. The stones on the shoulders were engraved with the names of the tribes of Israel, making the high priest a representative of all the people whenever he served in the tabernacle.

The Hebrew behind Exodus 39:7

  • The word for "memorial" is זִכָּרוֹן (zikaron), which means a reminder or a record. Here, it emphasizes that the stones were meant to keep the tribes of Israel before God’s attention.
  • "Ephod" is אֵפוֹד (ephod), a special vest-like garment worn by the high priest. The ephod was central to the priest’s role and symbolized his duty to represent the people.
  • The word for "shoulders" is כָּתֵף (katef), indicating the stones were placed on the upper part of the ephod, physically carrying the names of Israel’s tribes on the priest’s shoulders.

Why Exodus 39:7 matters

  • This verse clarifies that the high priest did not serve for himself alone but carried all the tribes of Israel symbolically on his shoulders, showing his role as their representative before God.
  • The careful obedience to God’s command ("as the LORD commanded Moses") highlights the importance of following God’s instructions exactly in matters of worship and leadership.
  • Understanding the memorial stones helps make sense of the larger context of Exodus, where each detail in the tabernacle and the priest’s clothing had a specific purpose in Israel’s relationship with God.

Where else these words appear

“memorial” Hebrew H2146 · used in 22 verses

  • Exodus 12:14 And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the LORD throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.
  • Numbers 5:15 Then shall the man bring his wife unto the priest, and he shall bring her offering for her, the tenth part of an ephah of barley meal; he shall pour no oil upon it, nor put frankincense thereon; for it is an offering of jealousy, an offering of memorial, bringing iniquity to remembrance.
  • Esther 6:1 On that night could not the king sleep, and he commanded to bring the book of records of the chronicles; and they were read before the king.

“ephod” Hebrew H646 · used in 39 verses

  • Exodus 25:7 Onyx stones, and stones to be set in the ephod, and in the breastplate.
  • Exodus 35:27 And the rulers brought onyx stones, and stones to be set, for the ephod, and for the breastplate;
  • Judges 18:18 And these went into Micah's house, and fetched the carved image, the ephod, and the teraphim, and the molten image. Then said the priest unto them, What do ye?

“shoulders” Hebrew H3802 · used in 58 verses

  • Exodus 27:14 The hangings of one side of the gate shall be fifteen cubits: their pillars three, and their sockets three.
  • Joshua 18:16 And the border came down to the end of the mountain that lieth before the valley of the son of Hinnom, and which is in the valley of the giants on the north, and descended to the valley of Hinnom, to the side of Jebusi on the south, and descended to Enrogel,
  • Isaiah 49:22 Thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I will lift up mine hand to the Gentiles, and set up my standard to the people: and they shall bring thy sons in their arms, and thy daughters shall be carried upon their shoulders.