Matthew 5:21 (KJV)

What does Matthew 5:21 mean?

Matthew 5:21 records Jesus reminding His listeners that they have heard the ancient commandment, “Thou shalt not kill,” and that anyone who commits murder is subject to judgment. Jesus is beginning to address how people have understood and applied this commandment in their lives.

In this verse, Jesus is speaking to a Jewish audience during the Sermon on the Mount. He refers to the teaching passed down from earlier generations, quoting the commandment against murder found in the Law of Moses. By mentioning “judgment,” Jesus points to the legal and moral consequences that were expected for such an act in their society.

The Greek behind Matthew 5:21

• ἀκούω (akouō, G191) — “heard”: This word means more than just hearing sounds; it often implies paying attention or receiving instruction, highlighting that Jesus’ audience is familiar with this teaching as a foundational part of their tradition.
• φονεύω (phoneuō, G5407) — “kill”: This Greek word specifically refers to murder, not just any kind of killing. It points to intentional, unlawful killing, which is what the original commandment addresses.
• κρίσις (krisis, G2920) — “judgment”: This word refers to a legal judgment or decision, suggesting formal consequences, not just personal disapproval. It shows that murder was seen as a serious crime with real penalties.

Why Matthew 5:21 matters

• Matthew 5:21 sets up a contrast between the traditional understanding of the law and the deeper meaning Jesus will explain in the following verses.
• This verse clarifies that the commandment addresses intentional murder, not all forms of killing, which helps avoid confusion about what the law originally meant.
• By referencing “judgment,” Jesus points to the seriousness of the offense and prepares His listeners for a broader discussion about the true intent behind God’s commandments.