Question 1

What does Matthew 5:38 mean?

Accepted Answer

Matthew 5:38 refers to the well-known principle of "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth," which was a standard of justice in the ancient world. Jesus is reminding his listeners of this rule, which allowed for equal retribution when someone was wronged. In this verse, Jesus is speaking to a crowd during his Sermon on the Mount, addressing people familiar with Jewish law and tradition. By quoting this phrase, Jesus sets up a contrast with what he will say next, preparing his audience for a new way of thinking about justice and personal retaliation.

Question 2

The Greek behind Matthew 5:38

Accepted Answer

ὀφθαλμὸν (ophthalmon) — "eye": This word specifically means the physical eye, emphasizing the concrete and literal nature of the rule being quoted. ἀντὶ (anti) — "for": This preposition means "in place of" or "in exchange for," highlighting the idea of exact equivalence in justice. ὀδόντα (odonta) — "tooth": Like "eye," this word is literal, reinforcing that the original law was about fair and measured retribution, not excessive punishment.

Question 3

Why Matthew 5:38 matters

Accepted Answer

Matthew 5:38 helps clarify that the "eye for an eye" rule was originally about limiting revenge, not encouraging violence or cruelty. By quoting this law, Jesus prepares his listeners for his teaching on responding to wrongdoing, which will go beyond the old standard. This verse connects to the larger theme of the Sermon on the Mount, where Jesus often contrasts traditional teachings with his own deeper interpretation.

Matthew 5:38 (KJV)