The wrath of God came upon them, and slew the fattest of them, and smote down the chosen men of Israel.

PSALMS 78:31KJV
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What does Psalms 78:31 mean?

Psalms 78:31 describes how God’s anger came against the Israelites, resulting in the death of their strongest and most privileged men. The verse shows a moment when God’s judgment fell on those who were considered the best among the people because of their disobedience.

In this psalm, Asaph is recounting Israel’s history to remind the people of God’s power and their ancestors’ repeated failures. The verse refers to a specific episode in the wilderness when the Israelites’ greed and lack of trust led to severe consequences. The focus is on God’s response to their rebellion, not just against the weak, but especially against those who were seen as leaders or the most favored.

The Hebrew behind Psalms 78:31

  • "wrath" (אַף, af): This word often means anger or nose (as a sign of anger), emphasizing the intensity of God’s response here.
  • "fattest" (מְרֵאִים, mere’im): This word points to those who were well-fed or strong, highlighting that even the healthiest or most privileged were not spared.
  • "chosen" (בָּחוּר, bachur): This term refers to select or choice young men, showing that God’s judgment reached even those who were considered the best or most promising in Israel.

Why Psalms 78:31 matters

  • This verse clarifies that God’s judgment was not random or only directed at the weakest, but included those who were most prominent or privileged among the Israelites.
  • It highlights the seriousness of Israel’s rebellion in the wilderness, connecting to the larger theme of the psalm: remembering and learning from the past.
  • The verse helps readers see that status or strength does not shield anyone from accountability before God, a point that shapes the message of the whole psalm.

Where else these words appear

“fattest” Hebrew H4924 · used in 7 verses

  • Genesis 27:28 Therefore God give thee of the dew of heaven, and the fatness of the earth, and plenty of corn and wine:
  • Nehemiah 8:10 Then he said unto them, Go your way, eat the fat, and drink the sweet, and send portions unto them for whom nothing is prepared: for this day is holy unto our Lord: neither be ye sorry; for the joy of the LORD is your strength.
  • Isaiah 17:4 And in that day it shall come to pass, that the glory of Jacob shall be made thin, and the fatness of his flesh shall wax lean.

“down” Hebrew H3766 · used in 32 verses

  • Genesis 49:9 Judah is a lion's whelp: from the prey, my son, thou art gone up: he stooped down, he couched as a lion, and as an old lion; who shall rouse him up?
  • 2 Kings 1:13 And he sent again a captain of the third fifty with his fifty. And the third captain of fifty went up, and came and fell on his knees before Elijah, and besought him, and said unto him, O man of God, I pray thee, let my life, and the life of these fifty thy servants, be precious in thy sight.
  • Psalms 17:13 Arise, O LORD, disappoint him, cast him down: deliver my soul from the wicked, which is thy sword:

“chosen” Hebrew H970 · used in 44 verses

  • Deuteronomy 32:25 The sword without, and terror within, shall destroy both the young man and the virgin, the suckling also with the man of gray hairs.
  • Isaiah 40:30 Even the youths shall faint and be weary, and the young men shall utterly fall:
  • Lamentations 1:15 The Lord hath trodden under foot all my mighty men in the midst of me: he hath called an assembly against me to crush my young men: the Lord hath trodden the virgin, the daughter of Judah, as in a winepress.